AP Environmental Science Study Guide: Key Concepts for the 2026 Exam
AP Environmental Science (APES) covers ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, and sustainability. It’s one of the more accessible AP sciences, but breadth of content is the challenge for the 2026 exam.
Ecosystems and Biodiversity
Understand energy flow through food webs, biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, water), and how ecosystems respond to disturbances. Know the difference between primary and secondary succession.
Land and Water Use
Study agricultural practices, forestry, mining, and urbanization impacts. Know about irrigation methods, soil conservation, and sustainable land management. Water pollution sources and treatment methods are frequently tested.
Energy Resources
Compare fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources. Understand the environmental trade-offs of each. Be familiar with energy efficiency concepts and calculations involving BTUs and kilowatt-hours.
Pollution and Climate Change
Know the major air pollutants, their sources, and health effects. Understand the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, and acid rain. Be prepared to analyze data about global temperature trends and propose evidence-based solutions.
